3,000-Year-Old Discovery Reveals Surprising Clues to What May Have Accidentally Sparked the Dawn of the Iron Age

In a fascinating twist of ancient chemistry, copper-smelting artisans may have stumbled upon a technique that would eventually lead to the intentional extraction of iron from ore, a discovery that was both accidental and revolutionary. A fresh analysis of slag, ores, and furnace residues from the 3, 000-year-old site of Kvemo Bolnisi, Georgia, is rewriting the story of how humankind first learned to make iron. A team of researchers from Cranfield University in England, reexamining old finds from Kvemo Bolnisi using modern techniques, suggests that what had once been labeled an early iron-smelting site was actually a copper workshop that utilized iron oxides.

India’s first deep-sea mineral auction indefinitely postponed: Here’s why

Summarize Next Article India’s first deep-sea mineral auction indefinitely postponed: Here’s why By Mudit Dube Sep 29, 2025 05: 20 pm What’s the story India’s first-ever auction of deep-sea blocks rich in critical minerals has been indefinitely postponed. The decision comes after a lackluster response from potential bidders, government officials told Moneycontrol.